最上義光歴史館

Map of Mogami domain and surrounding areas in 1600

LIST OF PERSONS APPEARING IN SAIJOKI


Mogami Clan members
(Given below are any and all names by which Mogami clan members [and, in the following section, Mogami clan retainers] are identified in the Saijōki text. Following these are names in bold type, which indicate the most commonly used designations for these same personages. The names of Mogami clan members are also accompanied by a brief explanation of the person’s relationship to Mogami Yoshiaki or the Mogami family.)

Mogami Yoshiaki (1546-1614): Central protagonist. 11th Lord of the Mogami clan and 1st Lord of the Yamagata domain.

Shuri no Daibu Yoshiyasu → Mogami Yoshiyasu (1575-1603): Eldest son of Yoshiaki.

Iechika, Samanosuke, Suruga no Kami, Yoshichika → Mogami Iechika (1582-1617): Second son of Yoshiaki. 12th Lord of the Mogami clan.

Shimizu Ōkura Daifu → Shimizu Akiuji, Yoshichika (1582-1614): Third son of Yoshiaki.

Yamanobe Uemon no Daibu (Daifu) → Yamanobe Akishige, Yoshitada (1588-1664): Fourth son of Yoshiaki.

Kaminoyama Hyōbu Daifu → Kaminoyama Akihiro (1594-1627): Fifth son of Yoshiaki.

Princess Matsuo* (1578-1606): Eldest daughter of Yoshiaki. Wife of Nobesawa Tōtōmi no Kami. (*did not appear in Saijōki)

Princess Koma (1581-1595): Also called Oima no Kata. Second daughter of Yoshiaki. Concubine of Toyotomi Hidetsugu.

Yoshimori, Eirin → Mogami Yoshimori (1519-1590): 10th Lord of the Mogami clan. Father of Yoshiaki.

Tateoka Kai no Kami → Tateoka Akinao, Yoshihisa (?-1629): Younger brother of Yoshiaki. Third son of Yoshimori.

Matsune Bizen no Kami, Shiraiwa Bizen no Kami → Matsune Akihiro (1589-1672): Son of Nagatoro Yoshiyasu (?-1591), a younger brother of Yoshiaki.

Yoshitoshi, Gengorō → Mogami Ienobu, Yoshitoshi (1606-1631): 13th Lord of the Mogami clan. Eldest son of Iechika.

Shuri no Daibu Kaneyori → Shiba Kaneyori (1316-1379): 1st Lord of the Mogami clan.

Honjō Buzen no Kami → Honjō Mitsushige (1556-1639): Member of a branch family of the Mogami clan. May also be a member of the Tateoka clan.

Mogami Clan retainers
(Retainers noted in Saijōki as having stipends of 10000 koku or more, in decreasing order)
Shimura Kurobei, Shimura Izu no Kami → Shimura Akiyasu
Sakanoue Kii no Kami (also known as Saka Kii no Kami) → Saka Akihide
Satomi Minbu
Nobesawa Noto no Kami → Nobesawa Mitsunobu
Matagorō, Nobesawa Izu no Kami, Nobesawa Tōtōmi no Kami → Nobesawa Akimasa
Ujiie Owari no Kami → Ujiie Morimune
Shimo Jiemon (Shimo Tsushima no Kami) → Shimo Yoshitada, Yasuhisa
Sagae Hizen no Kami → Sagae Hirotoshi
Sakenobe Echizen no Kami, Sasaki Tenzen → Sakenobe Hidetsuna

(Other Mogami clan retainers, in Japanese syllabary order)
Ajiki Yamato no Kami
Ariji Tajima
Iida Harima no Kami
Inoue Ushinosuke
Irago Sōgyū
Urano Magoemon
Urayama Chikugo
Urushiyama Kurobei
Eguchi Gohei
Ōkaze Uemon’nosuke
Ōnuma Hachibei
Oguni Settsu no Kami
Oguni Daizen
Obata Harima no Kami
Katō Gen’emon
Katō Tarōemon
Kanehara Shichizō
Kawakuma Sanuki no Kami
Kishi Mimasaka no Kami
Kusaoka Toranosuke
Kusakari Shima no Kami
Kusakari Bizen no Kami
Kumazawa Chikaranosuke
Koizumi Kamon
Koizumi Sanuki
(Eguchi) Kokichi
Koseki Kazaemon
(Satomi) Gonbei
Saka Yahei
Sagae Jūbei
Sasahara Iwami
Satake Heinai
Satomi Echigo (no Kami)
Shimura Kunai no Shō
Shimura Tōemon
Shimo Kanshichirō
Shimo Mimasaka no Kami
Zushonosuke
Suda Kojūrō
Takahashi Sezaemon
Takahashi Kazue
Takeda Hyōgo
Tanno Yosōemon
Rikimaru Shozaemon
(Eguchi/Matsuda) Chūsaku
Toi Hanzaemon
Tōzenji Umanokami
Tominami Chūemon
Nagaoka Tajima no Kami
Nakatsukasa
Nakayama Genba
Narisawa Dōchū
Niizeki Inaba no Kami
Hara Hachizaemon
Harada Daizen
Hino Iga no Kami
Hosoya Takuminosuke
Hosoya Gon’emon
Hori Kiunsai
Honma Samanosuke
Honma Shichirō
Yagashiwa Sagami no Kami
Yachimori Hōki no Kami
Yanbe Kawachi no Kami
Yoko’o Kageyu
Wada Etchū no Kami

Uesugi Clan members and retainers
(In order of appearance in Saijōki)
Uesugi Kōmon Kagekatsu/ Uesugi Chūnagon Kagekatsu
Honjō Shigenaga
Naoe Yamashiro no Kami
Kasuga Uemon
Kamiizumi Mondo
Suibara Hitachinosuke (Hitachi no Kami)
Irobe Shurinosuke
Homura Mikinojō Chikamori
Shiino Yashichirō
Hiraiwa Iwami no Kami
Matsushita Moku
Iwai Bitchū no Kami
Mizoguchi Samanosuke
Kawamura Heizō
Shida Shurinosuke

Date Clan members and retainers
(In order of appearance in Saijōki)
(Date) Terumune
Date Masamune
Date Iki no Kami (also known as Rusu Masakage)
Endō Yahei

Other persons
(In order of appearance in Saijōki)
Tachibana Hida no Kami
Shimada Danjō
Yonekitsu Kanbei
Shirotori Jūrō
Oda Nobunaga
Yamamoto Hikosaburō
Hashiba Kanjūrō
Sakusami Toneri
Tendō clan leader (Tendō Yorihisa)
(Kaminoyama) Mitsukane
Satomi Kuranosuke
Takeda Shingen
Satomi Kanshirō
(Ignoble Lord) Mutō Mitsuyasu
Toyotomi Taikō Hideyoshi
Ishida Jibu no Shō Mitsunari
Toyotomi Hideyori
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Toyotomi Hidetsugu
Fukuhara (Naotaka)
Torii Hikozaemon
Naitō Yajiemon
Matsudaira Tonomo no Kami
Matsudaira Gozaemon
Satake Ukyō no Daibu Yoshinobu
Shimada Jihei
Yūki Hideyasu, General of Echizen
Tokugawa Hidetada
Nanbu Shinano no Kami
Akita Tōtarō
Tozawa Kurōgorō
Hondō Magoshichirō
Rokugō Hyōgo
Akōzu Magojirō
Nikaho Hyōgo
Takizawa Gyōbu
Uchikoshi Magotarō
Iwaya Uhyōe
Maeda Toshinaga, Lord of Kaga
Honda Kōzukenosuke

>>CONTENTS

TRANSLATOR’S FOREWORD

　　Saijōki (The Mogami Chronicles) is the tale that revolves around the life of Mogami Yoshiaki (1546-1614), a damiyo of the Dewa province (present-day Yamagata prefecture) during the turbulent Sengoku, or ‘Warring States’, period that is defined by some historians as lasting from the mid-15th century to the early 17th century. A beloved figure in the history of the Yamagata region, Yoshiaki is credited for many accomplishments, including contributions to the economic development of the province, the importation of culture from the capital region, the reconstruction of Yamagata Castle, and the creation of a castle town upon which the modern city of Yamagata is based.
　　Yoshiaki is also known as an able warrior and skilled general, and it is this aspect of his legacy that Saijōki concerns itself with. Made up of tales of his successes – and the occasional failure – in battle, this work comprises an at times loosely-connected string of the military conquests that allowed Yoshiaki to achieve his dominance over the Dewa province.
　　Saijōki was written by a self-described former vassal of the Mogami clan in the early years of the Edo period (1603-1868), after infighting between senior Mogami clan retainers resulted in the forfeiture of the domain under the control of the Mogami family – the fifth largest domain in Japan during Yoshiaki’s lifetime – in 1622. This vassal left the Yamagata region, drifting southwards to the district of Kasai (located within the present-day Tokyo area), and it was there that he set down on paper this history of the Mogami clan.
　　These tales should not be seen as accounts that are entirely true to history, but rather as an observer’s recollection of Yoshiaki’s life and times that is indeed based on actual events and true facts, but is also freely punctuated with the embellishments of legend and memory. Since this account does present itself as an actual history of Yoshiaki, however, it is of significant historical value in that it may serve as a valuable illustration of the status the legendary general acquired in the minds of his followers, and may also accurately reflect the stories that were told of Yoshiaki during his lifetime and the period following his death.
　　The date given for the writing of Saijōki is 1634, and the original manuscript was written in an older style of Japanese not easily intelligible to the modern reader. To make this document accessible to a wider audience, the Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum commissioned the translation of the original manuscript into modern Japanese in 2009. This translation was undertaken by Shigeo Katagiri, a prominent Mogami Yoshiaki researcher as well as the Director of the Kaminoyama Municipal Library and the former Director of the Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum. This English version of Saijōki is a full translation of the modern Japanese version that was made while consulting the original manuscript, and I am very grateful to Mr. Katagiri and the Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum for their valuable help and advice.
　　I would now like to offer a few comments and observations regarding the English translation. Firstly, I would like to note that the title – Saijōki – is a phonetic rendering of the Japanese title, which is the on-yomi (Chinese reading) of the characters “最上記”. The kun-yomi (Japanese reading) of the same three characters would be “Mogami (最上) – ki (記)”, referring to a “Mogami record” or “Mogami chronicle”, as expressed in the English title “The Mogami Chronicles”.
　　The names of the persons who appear in Saijōki are given as they appear in the Japanese text. Often a mixture of name and title, these names, especially those of the higher-ranking personages, can be long and cumbersome. A complete list of all the persons appearing in Saijōki can be found at the end of the book, and the simpler and more commonly used designations for some of these personages are noted there. The phonetic readings of these names differ somewhat from age to age: for example, while the name “五兵衛” would have been pronounced Gohyōei in the pre-Edo period, the Edo-period reading for this name was simplified to Gohei. In this English text, the simpler Edo-period readings of names have been used.
　　While measurements in the Japanese text appear in the form of traditional units such as ken (1.818 meters), chō (109.09 meters), and shaku (30.3 cm), I have converted these to metric amounts in the English version to allow for easier reading. On the other hand, dates are given in the era name/year number combination used in the Japanese text (for example, Enbun 1 refers to the first year of the Enbun era), while the corresponding year of the western calendar is given as a footnote. Months and days are given in a “1st day of the second month” format that may seem clumsy; however, the old Japanese calendar does not exactly correspond to the modern calendar, and the “4th day of the eighth month” would not fall on August 4 of the Gregorian calendar. It is hoped that this manner of notation will help the reader to keep this discrepancy in mind.
　　Returning to the subject matter, it is interesting to note that while there was no single family that exerted a greater influence over the history of the Yamagata region than the Mogami clan, and no other Mogami lord who achieved the legendary status of Yoshiaki, the history contained within Saijōki (and a few differently named but almost identical versions that are clearly based on the Saijōki manuscript) remains the only definitive record of Yoshiaki’s life and achievements. The accounts of Yoshiaki’s military campaigns illustrate the tumultuous nature of the Sengoku period, and the tales are imbued with the strong warrior ethos that characterizes the samurai of this period. The time of Yoshiaki represents the zenith of the Mogami dominion over the Yamagata area, for the Edo period, which began shortly before Yoshiaki’s death, ushered in a time of peace that saw a lessening of the military role of the samurai as well as the precipitous decline of the Mogami clan. However, it is thanks to the anonymous author of Saijōki that we are still able to enjoy a vivid and personal view of the intersection between the “golden age” of the samurai and the illustrious career of the celebrated Mogami Yoshiaki.

March, 2012
Lisa Somers

>>CONTENTS

PREFACE

　　It is with great pleasure that the Yamagata City Culture Foundation presents the English translation of Saijōki: Gendaigo-yaku (Saijōki: Modern Japanese Translation, Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum, Yamagata City Culture Foundation, 2009). The modern Japanese translation of Saijōki is the work of Shigeo Katagiri, a historian specializing in the history of the Yamagata area and one of the foremost researchers of Mogami Yoshiaki. The original Saijōki document, written in 1634 by an unnamed former retainer of the Mogami clan, used an archaic form of Japanese that is difficult for the general reader of today to interpret, and it is thanks to the efforts of Mr. Katagiri that this work is now enjoyed by a wide range of Japanese readers.
　　Although Mogami Yoshiaki is not nearly as well-known as Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, or other famous contemporaries, he was in reality an important daimyo of his time. Saijōki details the events in Yoshiaki’s life from the perspective of one of his own retainers, and though the events described are not always grounded in objective historical fact, this work offers the reader an eye-witness view of an important figure in the history of Yamagata. There are few works in English that contain such a detailed account of a historical personage who may be relatively unknown outside of Japan, and the completion of the English version of Saijōki on the eve of the fourth centennial of Yoshiaki’s death, which is coming up in 2014, makes the timing of this publication particularly auspicious. We hope that many readers will take advantage of this English translation to acquaint themselves with a lord known to the people of Yamagata as a wise and distinguished ruler of a bygone age.

March, 2012
Noboru Ōba
Yamagata City Culture Foundation, Chairman of the Board of Directors

>>CONTENTS

CONTENTS

Preface

Translator’s Foreword

Saijōki – The Mogami Chronicles, Part 1

Saijōki – The Mogami Chronicles, Part 2

List of persons appearing in Saijōki

Map of Mogami domain and surrounding areas in 1600

関東に於ける最上義光の足跡を求め ―特に関ヶ原戦以後に限定して―

【六　少将叙任の頃】

　義光の念願の少将への遭が開けたのは何時であったか。
　『寛政重修諸家譜』は、「慶長十六年三月二十三日、東照宮御参内有て、広忠卿の御贈官を謝せらる、このとき、少将に任ず」とある。また他にも同じような記述があるが、果たして事実であったのか。当時の公の文書や個人の記録等から、この年の義光叙任の記録を探しだすのは難しい。『武家官位記』や『武家補任』にはその記録は無く、見落としもあるとは思うが、しかし、『続撰武家補任』には、慶長十六年三月叙任の記録がある。
　この年は、三月に始まった江戸城普請、そして禁裏修造と、諸国大名達にとっては経済的負担を強いられた年でもあった。駿府を出立した家康が二条城に入ったのは三月十七日、そして二十・一日の両日に叙任の栄に浴した者達は徳川一門[注1]であり、それ以外の大名達の記録は見当たらない。
　昨今の文禄・慶長期に於ける「武官官位」に関する研究書[注2]を拾い読みすると、管見の限りに於いて、義光の私家史料の記事を是認、一方では叙任の証となる「口宣案」と公家「日記」等をもとに、諸家の叙任記録に疑問を呈するものと、大きく二通りの見解を示しているように思われる。このような中で、義光の十六年三月叙任は間違いではなかったか、それに疑問を投げかけるような史料も、散見するのである。
　先に公家の舟橋秀賢が義光と親交があったことを述べた。その秀賢が同年十月の参府に際し、将軍秀忠の催した猿楽の席に招かれ、義光も同席していることが、秀賢の日記は伝えている。

廿一日、朝、払暁冷認、黎明登城、即猿楽相始、大夫ハ今春・妻少進法印両人也、………伊達息子・橘左近・毛利宰相・最上侍従・加藤左馬助、其他大名衆相伴也、入夜前大樹へ参、備前女中より雁一ツ給之、

　この時の「最上侍従」とは義光なのか、それとも家親なのか。二日後の日記に見られる「最上侍従」とは、当然、家親のことであるから、前者の侍従とは義光を指しているものと考えてもよいのではないか。

廿三日、佐久間備前守へ朝　ニ行、次三縁増上寺へ見物ニ行、晩最上駿河守へ行、滌（扇）五筋遣之、対面畢、参前大樹（家康）、

　秀賢の日記は、この十月の時点に於いて、義光を侍従としていことは、秀賢は未だ義光の少将叙任を知ってはいなかったのか。それとも筆の誤り侍従としたのか。
　明けて十七年正月、家康が発した法令三ケ条を定めた誓書[注3]は、最上侍従としている。

　　　条々
去年四月十二日、前右府様如仰出、任右大将家以来代々将軍方式、可奉仰之、被損益而、重而於被出御目録者、弥堅可守其旨事、
（二ケ条略ス）
右条々若有背輩者、被遂御糾明、速可被処科者也、如件。
　慶長十七年正月
津軽越中守　会津侍従　丹羽宰相　南部信濃守
秋田侍従　越前少将　安房侍従　立花侍従
米沢中納言　最上侍従　大崎侍従

　この「誓書」については、数本の写しを参考にしたが、『上杉御年譜』のみ日付を十五日にしているが、内容は同じである。大崎侍従とは伊達政宗の事で、既に少将に任ぜられている。この最上侍従にしても、一国の藩主でもない家親に比定するのは無理であり。義光のことである。この「誓書」の最上侍従とするのは誤りで、最上少将とするのが正しいのではないか。
　地元に残る義光関連の「寄進状」の多くには、「慶長十七年六月四日　少将出羽守」と、圧倒的に慶長十七年六月には少将に叙せられていることを示している。また鶴岡の日枝神社に義光寄進の「鰐ロ」・「鉄鉢」にも、「慶長十六年辛亥四月十四日　少将出羽守義光」の著名がある。また他にも例を見ることから、少将叙任の時期は慶長十六年三月であろう[注4]。

出羽国庄内櫛引郡鶴岡山王之霊地久怠点処加再興殊奉納鰐口上下之社者也
慶長十六年辛亥卯月四月十四日
少将出羽守義光敬白

　また、この年の八月十二日発給の、少将叙任に関わるものかと思われる複数ある文書から、その一部を取り上げて見よう。

　　最上出羽守義光書　　秋田長山文書
　御位の御志うきとして、わさとまてにさし上申され候、御めてたふ
一、銀子　　　三匁
一、あふき　一本　なか山わかさ
　　　以上
慶長十六年
　　八月十二日（小黒印）たちま
　　　　　　　　　　　　ミの

　この叙任の祝儀として家臣達に与えた「目録」であろうが、その叙任の喜びを共に分かちあえたことであろう。大名やその嫡子の官位叙任に際しては、藩内では江戸と国元で一年かけて盛大な祝が為されたという。その時には、藩主から家中へ御祝儀が振るまわれ、また家中からも藩主へ御祝儀献上もあった。これらは近世前期から行われており、官位叙任は家中をも含め大きな慶事[注5]であった。
■執筆:小野末三

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[注]　
1、『史料綜覧』（慶長十六年三月条）
2、「近世武家官位制の成立過程について」（『史林』七四巻九号・平三年　季　煌）
李は家康・秀忠の時期は、将軍宣下・上洛と大きく関連があるという。それが慶長十六年の従四位下以上の叙任については、吉良義弥を除き、家康上洛の三月廿前後にとり行われたしており、義光の名も挙げている。
　「慶長期大名の氏姓と官位」（『日本史研究』四一四号・平九年　黒田基寿）
黒田は慶長期の諸大名とその嗣子の叙任について、年代別に示しているが、義光の叙任の記録もある。
　「天正・文禄・慶長年間の公家成・諸大夫一覧」（『栃木史学』七号・平五年　下村　效）下村は「武家補任や「寛政譜」などの誤りが多い事から、「口宣案」や「公家」日記などの確かな史料により、大名の官位叙任を拾っていくしかない。総じて諸家の「寛政譜」など、特に天正・文禄・慶長初期については、信頼しがたい部分が少なくない、と述べている。
3、「諸法度」（『大日本史料』12編之9）
4、『山形市史・史料編l』
5、「近世武家官位試論」（『歴史学研究』七〇三号・平九年　掘　新）