最上義光歴史館
歴史館からのお知らせ
Map of Mogami domain and surrounding areas in 1600
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LIST OF PERSONS APPEARING IN SAIJOKI
Mogami Clan members (Given below are any and all names by which Mogami clan members [and, in the following section, Mogami clan retainers] are identified in the Saijōki text. Following these are names in bold type, which indicate the most commonly used designations for these same personages. The names of Mogami clan members are also accompanied by a brief explanation of the person’s relationship to Mogami Yoshiaki or the Mogami family.) Mogami Yoshiaki (1546-1614): Central protagonist. 11th Lord of the Mogami clan and 1st Lord of the Yamagata domain. Shuri no Daibu Yoshiyasu → Mogami Yoshiyasu (1575-1603): Eldest son of Yoshiaki. Iechika, Samanosuke, Suruga no Kami, Yoshichika → Mogami Iechika (1582-1617): Second son of Yoshiaki. 12th Lord of the Mogami clan. Shimizu Ōkura Daifu → Shimizu Akiuji, Yoshichika (1582-1614): Third son of Yoshiaki. Yamanobe Uemon no Daibu (Daifu) → Yamanobe Akishige, Yoshitada (1588-1664): Fourth son of Yoshiaki. Kaminoyama Hyōbu Daifu → Kaminoyama Akihiro (1594-1627): Fifth son of Yoshiaki. Princess Matsuo* (1578-1606): Eldest daughter of Yoshiaki. Wife of Nobesawa Tōtōmi no Kami. (*did not appear in Saijōki) Princess Koma (1581-1595): Also called Oima no Kata. Second daughter of Yoshiaki. Concubine of Toyotomi Hidetsugu. Yoshimori, Eirin → Mogami Yoshimori (1519-1590): 10th Lord of the Mogami clan. Father of Yoshiaki. Tateoka Kai no Kami → Tateoka Akinao, Yoshihisa (?-1629): Younger brother of Yoshiaki. Third son of Yoshimori. Matsune Bizen no Kami, Shiraiwa Bizen no Kami → Matsune Akihiro (1589-1672): Son of Nagatoro Yoshiyasu (?-1591), a younger brother of Yoshiaki. Yoshitoshi, Gengorō → Mogami Ienobu, Yoshitoshi (1606-1631): 13th Lord of the Mogami clan. Eldest son of Iechika. Shuri no Daibu Kaneyori → Shiba Kaneyori (1316-1379): 1st Lord of the Mogami clan. Honjō Buzen no Kami → Honjō Mitsushige (1556-1639): Member of a branch family of the Mogami clan. May also be a member of the Tateoka clan. Mogami Clan retainers (Retainers noted in Saijōki as having stipends of 10000 koku or more, in decreasing order) Shimura Kurobei, Shimura Izu no Kami → Shimura Akiyasu Sakanoue Kii no Kami (also known as Saka Kii no Kami) → Saka Akihide Satomi Minbu Nobesawa Noto no Kami → Nobesawa Mitsunobu Matagorō, Nobesawa Izu no Kami, Nobesawa Tōtōmi no Kami → Nobesawa Akimasa Ujiie Owari no Kami → Ujiie Morimune Shimo Jiemon (Shimo Tsushima no Kami) → Shimo Yoshitada, Yasuhisa Sagae Hizen no Kami → Sagae Hirotoshi Sakenobe Echizen no Kami, Sasaki Tenzen → Sakenobe Hidetsuna (Other Mogami clan retainers, in Japanese syllabary order) Ajiki Yamato no Kami Ariji Tajima Iida Harima no Kami Inoue Ushinosuke Irago Sōgyū Urano Magoemon Urayama Chikugo Urushiyama Kurobei Eguchi Gohei Ōkaze Uemon’nosuke Ōnuma Hachibei Oguni Settsu no Kami Oguni Daizen Obata Harima no Kami Katō Gen’emon Katō Tarōemon Kanehara Shichizō Kawakuma Sanuki no Kami Kishi Mimasaka no Kami Kusaoka Toranosuke Kusakari Shima no Kami Kusakari Bizen no Kami Kumazawa Chikaranosuke Koizumi Kamon Koizumi Sanuki (Eguchi) Kokichi Koseki Kazaemon (Satomi) Gonbei Saka Yahei Sagae Jūbei Sasahara Iwami Satake Heinai Satomi Echigo (no Kami) Shimura Kunai no Shō Shimura Tōemon Shimo Kanshichirō Shimo Mimasaka no Kami Zushonosuke Suda Kojūrō Takahashi Sezaemon Takahashi Kazue Takeda Hyōgo Tanno Yosōemon Rikimaru Shozaemon (Eguchi/Matsuda) Chūsaku Toi Hanzaemon Tōzenji Umanokami Tominami Chūemon Nagaoka Tajima no Kami Nakatsukasa Nakayama Genba Narisawa Dōchū Niizeki Inaba no Kami Hara Hachizaemon Harada Daizen Hino Iga no Kami Hosoya Takuminosuke Hosoya Gon’emon Hori Kiunsai Honma Samanosuke Honma Shichirō Yagashiwa Sagami no Kami Yachimori Hōki no Kami Yanbe Kawachi no Kami Yoko’o Kageyu Wada Etchū no Kami Uesugi Clan members and retainers (In order of appearance in Saijōki) Uesugi Kōmon Kagekatsu/ Uesugi Chūnagon Kagekatsu Honjō Shigenaga Naoe Yamashiro no Kami Kasuga Uemon Kamiizumi Mondo Suibara Hitachinosuke (Hitachi no Kami) Irobe Shurinosuke Homura Mikinojō Chikamori Shiino Yashichirō Hiraiwa Iwami no Kami Matsushita Moku Iwai Bitchū no Kami Mizoguchi Samanosuke Kawamura Heizō Shida Shurinosuke Date Clan members and retainers (In order of appearance in Saijōki) (Date) Terumune Date Masamune Date Iki no Kami (also known as Rusu Masakage) Endō Yahei Other persons (In order of appearance in Saijōki) Tachibana Hida no Kami Shimada Danjō Yonekitsu Kanbei Shirotori Jūrō Oda Nobunaga Yamamoto Hikosaburō Hashiba Kanjūrō Sakusami Toneri Tendō clan leader (Tendō Yorihisa) (Kaminoyama) Mitsukane Satomi Kuranosuke Takeda Shingen Satomi Kanshirō (Ignoble Lord) Mutō Mitsuyasu Toyotomi Taikō Hideyoshi Ishida Jibu no Shō Mitsunari Toyotomi Hideyori Tokugawa Ieyasu Toyotomi Hidetsugu Fukuhara (Naotaka) Torii Hikozaemon Naitō Yajiemon Matsudaira Tonomo no Kami Matsudaira Gozaemon Satake Ukyō no Daibu Yoshinobu Shimada Jihei Yūki Hideyasu, General of Echizen Tokugawa Hidetada Nanbu Shinano no Kami Akita Tōtarō Tozawa Kurōgorō Hondō Magoshichirō Rokugō Hyōgo Akōzu Magojirō Nikaho Hyōgo Takizawa Gyōbu Uchikoshi Magotarō Iwaya Uhyōe Maeda Toshinaga, Lord of Kaga Honda Kōzukenosuke >>CONTENTS |
TRANSLATOR’S FOREWORD
Saijōki (The Mogami Chronicles) is the tale that revolves around the life of Mogami Yoshiaki (1546-1614), a damiyo of the Dewa province (present-day Yamagata prefecture) during the turbulent Sengoku, or ‘Warring States’, period that is defined by some historians as lasting from the mid-15th century to the early 17th century. A beloved figure in the history of the Yamagata region, Yoshiaki is credited for many accomplishments, including contributions to the economic development of the province, the importation of culture from the capital region, the reconstruction of Yamagata Castle, and the creation of a castle town upon which the modern city of Yamagata is based. Yoshiaki is also known as an able warrior and skilled general, and it is this aspect of his legacy that Saijōki concerns itself with. Made up of tales of his successes – and the occasional failure – in battle, this work comprises an at times loosely-connected string of the military conquests that allowed Yoshiaki to achieve his dominance over the Dewa province. Saijōki was written by a self-described former vassal of the Mogami clan in the early years of the Edo period (1603-1868), after infighting between senior Mogami clan retainers resulted in the forfeiture of the domain under the control of the Mogami family – the fifth largest domain in Japan during Yoshiaki’s lifetime – in 1622. This vassal left the Yamagata region, drifting southwards to the district of Kasai (located within the present-day Tokyo area), and it was there that he set down on paper this history of the Mogami clan. These tales should not be seen as accounts that are entirely true to history, but rather as an observer’s recollection of Yoshiaki’s life and times that is indeed based on actual events and true facts, but is also freely punctuated with the embellishments of legend and memory. Since this account does present itself as an actual history of Yoshiaki, however, it is of significant historical value in that it may serve as a valuable illustration of the status the legendary general acquired in the minds of his followers, and may also accurately reflect the stories that were told of Yoshiaki during his lifetime and the period following his death. The date given for the writing of Saijōki is 1634, and the original manuscript was written in an older style of Japanese not easily intelligible to the modern reader. To make this document accessible to a wider audience, the Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum commissioned the translation of the original manuscript into modern Japanese in 2009. This translation was undertaken by Shigeo Katagiri, a prominent Mogami Yoshiaki researcher as well as the Director of the Kaminoyama Municipal Library and the former Director of the Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum. This English version of Saijōki is a full translation of the modern Japanese version that was made while consulting the original manuscript, and I am very grateful to Mr. Katagiri and the Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum for their valuable help and advice. I would now like to offer a few comments and observations regarding the English translation. Firstly, I would like to note that the title – Saijōki – is a phonetic rendering of the Japanese title, which is the on-yomi (Chinese reading) of the characters “最上記”. The kun-yomi (Japanese reading) of the same three characters would be “Mogami (最上) – ki (記)”, referring to a “Mogami record” or “Mogami chronicle”, as expressed in the English title “The Mogami Chronicles”. The names of the persons who appear in Saijōki are given as they appear in the Japanese text. Often a mixture of name and title, these names, especially those of the higher-ranking personages, can be long and cumbersome. A complete list of all the persons appearing in Saijōki can be found at the end of the book, and the simpler and more commonly used designations for some of these personages are noted there. The phonetic readings of these names differ somewhat from age to age: for example, while the name “五兵衛” would have been pronounced Gohyōei in the pre-Edo period, the Edo-period reading for this name was simplified to Gohei. In this English text, the simpler Edo-period readings of names have been used. While measurements in the Japanese text appear in the form of traditional units such as ken (1.818 meters), chō (109.09 meters), and shaku (30.3 cm), I have converted these to metric amounts in the English version to allow for easier reading. On the other hand, dates are given in the era name/year number combination used in the Japanese text (for example, Enbun 1 refers to the first year of the Enbun era), while the corresponding year of the western calendar is given as a footnote. Months and days are given in a “1st day of the second month” format that may seem clumsy; however, the old Japanese calendar does not exactly correspond to the modern calendar, and the “4th day of the eighth month” would not fall on August 4 of the Gregorian calendar. It is hoped that this manner of notation will help the reader to keep this discrepancy in mind. Returning to the subject matter, it is interesting to note that while there was no single family that exerted a greater influence over the history of the Yamagata region than the Mogami clan, and no other Mogami lord who achieved the legendary status of Yoshiaki, the history contained within Saijōki (and a few differently named but almost identical versions that are clearly based on the Saijōki manuscript) remains the only definitive record of Yoshiaki’s life and achievements. The accounts of Yoshiaki’s military campaigns illustrate the tumultuous nature of the Sengoku period, and the tales are imbued with the strong warrior ethos that characterizes the samurai of this period. The time of Yoshiaki represents the zenith of the Mogami dominion over the Yamagata area, for the Edo period, which began shortly before Yoshiaki’s death, ushered in a time of peace that saw a lessening of the military role of the samurai as well as the precipitous decline of the Mogami clan. However, it is thanks to the anonymous author of Saijōki that we are still able to enjoy a vivid and personal view of the intersection between the “golden age” of the samurai and the illustrious career of the celebrated Mogami Yoshiaki. March, 2012 Lisa Somers >>CONTENTS |
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PREFACE
It is with great pleasure that the Yamagata City Culture Foundation presents the English translation of Saijōki: Gendaigo-yaku (Saijōki: Modern Japanese Translation, Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum, Yamagata City Culture Foundation, 2009). The modern Japanese translation of Saijōki is the work of Shigeo Katagiri, a historian specializing in the history of the Yamagata area and one of the foremost researchers of Mogami Yoshiaki. The original Saijōki document, written in 1634 by an unnamed former retainer of the Mogami clan, used an archaic form of Japanese that is difficult for the general reader of today to interpret, and it is thanks to the efforts of Mr. Katagiri that this work is now enjoyed by a wide range of Japanese readers. Although Mogami Yoshiaki is not nearly as well-known as Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, or other famous contemporaries, he was in reality an important daimyo of his time. Saijōki details the events in Yoshiaki’s life from the perspective of one of his own retainers, and though the events described are not always grounded in objective historical fact, this work offers the reader an eye-witness view of an important figure in the history of Yamagata. There are few works in English that contain such a detailed account of a historical personage who may be relatively unknown outside of Japan, and the completion of the English version of Saijōki on the eve of the fourth centennial of Yoshiaki’s death, which is coming up in 2014, makes the timing of this publication particularly auspicious. We hope that many readers will take advantage of this English translation to acquaint themselves with a lord known to the people of Yamagata as a wise and distinguished ruler of a bygone age. March, 2012 Noboru Ōba Yamagata City Culture Foundation, Chairman of the Board of Directors >>CONTENTS |
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CONTENTS
Preface Translator’s Foreword Saijōki – The Mogami Chronicles, Part 1 Saijōki – The Mogami Chronicles, Part 2 List of persons appearing in Saijōki Map of Mogami domain and surrounding areas in 1600 |
(C) Mogami Yoshiaki Historical Museum
1.Foreword
2.The Passing of Lord Yoshimori
3.The Slaying of Shirotori Juro
4.The Conquest of Sagae
5.The Surrender of Yatsunuma Castle
6.The Fall of Tendo Castle
7.The Battle of Mount Kashiwagi
8.The Death of Mitsukane
9.The Extraordinary Strength of Nobesawa Noto no Kami
10.The Fall of Kaneyama Castle
11.The Downfall of the Ignoble Lord
12.The Battle of Jugorigahara
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